Proposed Changes to Portuguese Citizenship Law

On June 23, 2025, the Portuguese Government presented a draft law proposing amendments to Portugal’s Nationality Law. This article provides an accurate, in-depth overview, including implications for Portugal Golden Visa holders and future citizenship applicants. All information references official Portuguese government documents, legal analyses, and verified statements.

Key takeaway: It is important to note that this is only a proposal. The 2025 proposed Portuguese Nationality Law is far from final. Given the extensive legislative process, constitutional safeguards, and multi-party negotiations, significant modifications are highly probable. Golden Visa holders and potential applicants can remain optimistic but must stay informed and proactive in their legal planning.

This article will be continuously updated as new authoritative information emerges.

Proposed Changes

1. Residency Requirement Extension:

• Increase from 5 to 10 years for general applicants.
• Increase from 5 to 7 years for CPLP country nationals.
• Residency duration to be calculated from the date the first residency permit is issued, rather than from the date of application.

2. Enhanced Integration Tests:

• Continuation of existing A2-level Portuguese proficiency requirement.
• New civic knowledge test: knowledge of Portuguese culture, history, and civic duties.

3. Closure of Specific Routes:

• Ending the Sephardic Jewish ancestry route due to previously cited concerns about misuse.
• Limiting citizenship by descent clearly to third-generation applicants, requiring demonstrable ties to Portugal.

4. Citizenship Revocation Clause:

• Only dual nationals convicted of severe crimes (terrorism, significant threats to national security) could face citizenship revocation within 10 years post-naturalization.

5. Immigration and Border Enforcement Restructuring:

• Creation of the National Unit for Foreigners and Borders (UNEF) within the existing Public Security Police (PSP), aiming for streamlined border control and immigration enforcement.

Understanding the Legislative Process in Portugal

Portugal’s legislative process is significantly different from countries like the United States. Here are some reassuring facts about how Portuguese lawmaking works:

• Proposals Are Not Guaranteed to Pass: The Portuguese Parliament (Assembleia da República) commonly revises proposals substantially. Proposed laws frequently undergo extensive amendments or are rejected outright.
• Coalition Negotiations Are Crucial: Portugal often relies on coalition governments. The current government holds around 32% of seats, requiring collaboration or compromise with other parties to pass any law.
• Constitutional Oversight: The President or Constitutional Court can veto or require modifications, particularly if proposals conflict with constitutional rights or principles.
• Lengthy Process: It often takes months or longer for proposals to become law, involving several debate rounds, committee revisions, and potentially multiple votes.

Political Context and Party Positions

• PSD/CDS Coalition (current government): Holds ~32% of parliamentary seats; introduced the proposal but lacks an absolute majority.
• Chega (right-wing): Holds ~23%; favors stricter laws and pushes for even tougher amendments.
• Socialist Party (PS): Holds ~23%; opposed to retroactive implementation and revocation clauses, advocating for significant revisions.
• Liberal Initiative (IL): Generally supportive, seeking minor practical adjustments.
• Left Bloc (BE) & Communist Party (PCP): Strongly opposed but currently hold minimal influence.

Positive Takeaways for Golden Visa Holders

• Existing Rights Protected: Current Golden Visa residency benefits and renewal processes remain unchanged.
• Clear Guidance on Permanent Residency (PR): After 5 years, PR remains accessible under unchanged conditions (including language requirements).
• No Immediate Changes: Applicants currently meeting requirements under existing laws will not be impacted unless explicitly legislated otherwise.
• Likely Amendments or Constitutional Challenges: Controversial measures (retroactive application, citizenship revocation) face strong constitutional scrutiny, increasing the likelihood of substantial modification or removal.

Recommendations for Current and Prospective Applicants

• Proactive Action: Applicants nearing the current 5-year residency benchmark should seek immediate legal counsel to secure citizenship eligibility under existing rules.
• Reassurance on Process Duration: Expect months of debate and multiple opportunities for amendments, providing ample time for informed decision-making.
• Regular Updates: Continuously monitor parliamentary developments and seek personalized legal guidance throughout this process.

Key Official Sources

• Projeto de Lei n.º 20/XVII/1
• Governo reforça exigência nas leis de nacionalidade e residência
• Despacho do Presidente da Assembleia da República admitindo o Projeto de Lei com reservas

Conclusion

The 2025 proposed Portuguese Nationality Law is far from final. Given the extensive legislative process, constitutional safeguards, and multi-party negotiations, significant modifications are highly probable. Golden Visa holders and potential applicants can remain optimistic but must stay informed and proactive in their legal planning.

Our specialized immigration advisors and attorneys at Global Residence Index are here to help you navigate the evolving legal landscape. Contact us today to discuss your case and secure your pathway to EU residency and citizenship.

This article will be continuously updated as new authoritative information emerges.